Vocal Problems and Burnout Syndrome in Nonuniversity Teachers in Galicia, Spain.

INTRODUCTION: Voice disorders and burnout syndrome are common among teachers. This study aimed to explore the relationship among vocal problems, burnout syndrome, and some personal work factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study enrolled 90 nonuniversity teachers who completed the Multidimensional Vocal Scale for Teachers (EVM-D) to evaluate vocal problems and an adapted Spanish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educators Survey (MBI-ES) to detect burnout syndrome. RESULTS: Overall, 16% of teachers expressed symptoms compatible with burnout, and 60% of them were in the interval above the 75th percentile of the EVM-D, i.e., they had a high risk of vocal problems. An association between burnout and more vocal problems was established among teachers, particularly between the vocal symptoms and vocal abuse dimensions with the emotional exhaustion subscale of the MBI-ES. A history of anxiety/depression and fewer years of professional experience were associated with more vocal problems. The burnout group perceived more "loss of vocal power," "vocal fatigue," "vocal effort," and "hoarseness." Vocal abuse items received the highest scores of EVM-D. However, only "shouting" in the classroom was significantly different between the groups with and without burnout. CONCLUSION: Emotional exhaustion of burnout syndrome, history of anxiety/depression, and a shorter professional experience were associated with vocal problems, which could limit the performance of teachers. Reducing classroom noise, establishing strategies to avoid shouting, or strengthening personal accomplishments in teachers could be useful in breaking the cycle of vocal problems and emotional exhaustion, particularly at the beginning of their professional experience.

[Relationship among sleep quality, sleep habits and school adjustment in adolescents from an urban district of Galicia.] / Interrelacion entre calidad, hábitos de sueño y ajuste escolar en adolescentes de un distrito urbano de Galicia.

OBJECTIVE: The duration and the sleep quality are related to the emotional status and the academic performance in adolescents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of sleep in a group of adolescents, and to explore its relationship with school adjustment and performance. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was made with 56 adolescents aged 13-17 years from a high school institute in an urban district of La Coruña city was performed during the scholar´s year 2016-2017. The participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (ICSP) and the Brief School Adjustment Scale, and a brief questionnaire about their sleep habits and school scores. Descriptive analysis and different comparative parametric or not parametric statistical tests were applied according to type of variable; statistical significant value was considerate for p<0.10. RESULTS: The 35.7% of sample was poor sleepers and sleepiness was the most altered variable in ICSP. The female participants tended to sleep less than the male participants, and all of them went to sleep 100 minutes later on the weekend. Being a good or bad sleeper did not affect academic performance. Globally the school adjustment was satisfactory. Diurnal dysfunction was related to a worse adolescent-teacher and adolescent-classmate relationship. Diurnal dysfunction was also related to a poor motivation to perform academic tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Sleepiness is the most relevant problem in poor sleepers. Sleepiness has a negative influence on school adjustment and motivation for school activities of all adolescents; it is frequent and underestimated in most of the cases.

OBJETIVO: La duración y calidad del sueño están relacionadas en los adolescentes con su estado emocional y rendimiento académico. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la calidad del sueño en un grupo de jóvenes y explorar su relación con el ajuste y rendimiento escolar. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo-transversal, con 56 adolescentes entre 13 y 17 años de un instituto de educación secundaria de un distrito de La Coruña, durante el curso 2016-2017. Los participantes cumplimentaron el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP), la Escala Breve de Ajuste Escolar y un breve cuestionario sobre hábitos de sueño y calificaciones académicas. Realizamos el análisis descriptivo y diferentes pruebas comparativas o de asociación estadística por métodos paramétricos o no paramétricos según cada variable, considerándose significativos valores de p<0,10. RESULTADOS: El 35,7% de la muestra se clasificó como mala durmiente y la somnolencia fue la variable más alterada del ICSP. Las mujeres dormían significativamente menos que los varones, aunque ambos retrasaban 100 minutos el sueño durante el fin de semana. Ser buen o mal durmiente no afectó al rendimiento académico. El ajuste escolar fue satisfactorio globalmente. Las variables que expresaron desajuste en la interacción con los profesores y compañeros de clase, así como la realización de tareas escolares, se relacionaron con la disfunción diurna. CONCLUSIONES: La somnolencia es el problema más relevante en el grupo de malos durmientes. Esta puede influir negativamente en el ajuste escolar y en la motivación para las actividades escolares de todos los adolescentes, siendo frecuente y subestimada en la mayoría de los casos.

Interrelacion entre calidad, hábitos de sueño y ajuste escolar en adolescentes de un distrito urbano de Galicia / Relationship among sleep quality, sleep habits and school adjustment in adolescents from an urban district of Galicia

FUNDAMENTOS: La duración y calidad del sueño están relacionadas en los adolescentes con su estado emocional y rendimiento académico. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la calidad del sueño en un grupo de jóvenes y explorar su relación con el ajuste y rendimiento escolar. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivotransversal, con 56 adolescentes entre 13 y 17 años de un instituto de educación secundaria de un distrito de La Coruña, durante el curso 2016-2017. Los participantes cumplimentaron el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP), la Escala Breve de Ajuste Escolar y un breve cuestionario sobre hábitos de sueño y calificaciones académicas. Realizamos el análisis descriptivo y diferentes pruebas comparativas o de asociación estadística por métodos paramétricos o no paramétricos según cada variable, considerándose significativos valores de p < 0,10. RESULTADOS: El 35,7% de la muestra se clasificó como mala durmiente y la somnolencia fue la variable más alterada del ICSP. Las mujeres dormían significativamente menos que los varones, aunque ambos retrasaban 100 minutos el sueño durante el fin de semana. Ser buen o mal durmiente no afectó al rendimiento académico. El ajuste escolar fue satisfactorio globalmente. Las variables que expresaron desajuste en la interacción con los profesores y compañeros de clase, así como la realización de tareas escolares, se relacionaron con la disfunción diurna. CONCLUSIONES: La somnolencia es el problema más relevante en el grupo de malos durmientes. Esta puede influir negativamente en el ajuste escolar y en la motivación para las actividades escolares de todos los adolescentes, siendo frecuente y subestimada en la mayoría de los casos

BACKGROUND: The duration and the sleep quality are related to the emotional status and the academic performance in adolescents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of sleep in a group of adolescents, and to explore its relationship with school adjustment and performance. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was made with 56 adolescents aged 13-17 years from a high school institute in an urban district of La Coruña city was performed during the scholar's year 2016-2017. The participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (ICSP) and the Brief School Adjustment Scale, and a brief questionnaire about their sleep habits and school scores. Descriptive analysis and different comparative parametric or not parametric statistical tests were applied according to type of variable; statistical significant value was considerate for p < 0.10. RESULTS: The 35.7% of sample was poor sleepers and sleepiness was the most altered variable in ICSP. The female participants tended to sleep less than the male participants, and all of them went to sleep 100 minutes later on the weekend. Being a good or bad sleeper did not affect academic performance. Globally the school adjustment was satisfactory. Diurnal dysfunction was related to a worse adolescent-teacher and adolescent-classmate relationship. Diurnal dysfunction was also related to a poor motivation to perform academic tasks. CONCLUSIONS: Sleepiness is the most relevant problem in poor sleepers. Sleepiness has a negative influence on school adjustment and motivation for school activities of all adolescents; it is frequent and underestimated in most of the cases